The increasing prevalence and rapid progression of myopia have become significant concerns, particularly among children and adolescents in Asia, including Hong Kong. High levels of myopia, particularly if left uncontrolled, can pose various risks to eye health, including an increased likelihood of developing sight-threatening conditions such as cataracts, glaucoma, retinal detachment, and myopic maculopathy. Given the potential risks associated with high myopia, it is crucial to address this issue proactively. Regular eye examinations, particularly for children and adolescents, are important for early detection and appropriate management of myopia.
There is no single treatment formula that could work for all children. To determine and tailor the most effective way to slow down myopia progression, we will start with a thorough understanding of the child’s visual function status, the unique visual demands and habit, ocular health condition and family history, followed by checking the refraction and measuring the axial length. Ways of myopia control available include
• Myopia control spectacle lenses (e.g. myopic defocus lenses, progressive lenses, etc)
• Myopia control contact lenses (e.g. peripheral defocus soft contact lenses, orthokeratology, etc)
• Vision therapy for “pseudo-myopia” cases (i.e. condition which myopia is induced by excessive accommodation)
The optometrists will also discuss and educate patients and parents/ carers the role of visual hygiene to slow down myopia progression, the frequency of follow-up assessment to monitor and review the effectiveness of devices used.
Additionally, promoting healthy visual habits and lifestyle modifications, such as spending adequate time outdoors, reducing screen time, taking regular breaks from near work, and maintaining proper lighting and ergonomics, can also play a role in managing myopia.
By addressing myopia and its progression in a timely manner, we aim to reduce the associated risks and promote long-term eye health in children and adolescents. Regular monitoring and collaboration between eye care professionals, parents, and educators are essential in managing and mitigating the impact of myopia on eye health.
