The visual development of children relies on various visual experiences since birth. Typically, a child's visual clarity develops rapidly and approaches an adult level by around the age of three to four. However, other visual functions such as binocular coordination, pursuit eye movements, and focusing abilities continue to develop until adolescence. Prolonged lack of outdoor activities or frequent close-range focusing (e.g. screen time) can not only lead to myopia but also affect the normal development of visual functions. For instance, real-life three-dimensional images are more beneficial for visual development than flat virtual images (such as computer or smartphone screens).
Parents and carers should pay attention to the following points to promote the normal visual development of their children:
• Avoid prolonged close-range focusing on objects such as smartphones and computers.
• Take a 5-minute break every 20-30 minutes for the eyes to rest. During the break, encourage looking into the distance or closing the eyes.
• Engage in outdoor activities and play ball games. Ball games are particularly helpful for developing hand-eye coordination, pursuit eye movements, and binocular coordination in children.
• Maintain a distance of about 40 cm while reading or writing.
• Develop a habit of UV protection from an early age (i.e. wear sunglasses).
• Pay attention to proper sitting posture and ensure adequate lighting while reading or writing.
Many visual problems in children do not have obvious symptoms. Parents should schedule regular detailed eye examinations for children aged three and above. They should also be aware of the following common symptoms:
• Squinting
• Occasional blurred vision or double vision
• Strabismus (crossed or misaligned eyes)
• Skipping lines or words while reading or rereading
• Tilting of the head
• Slower reading or writing compared to peers
• Viewing objects with only one eye
• Irregular handwriting
• Difficulty copying from the board
• Headaches or dizziness
• Short attention span
A good visual system has a significant impact on children's overall development, learning and well-being. Early detection of problems and appropriate treatment can prevent long-term damage.
